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Louis Victor Wijnhamer, Jr. (11 February 1904 – 1974), better known as Pah Wongso (), was an Indo social worker popular within the ethnic Chinese community of what was initially the Dutch East Indies, and subsequently became Indonesia. Educated in Semarang and Surabaya, Wongso began his social work in the early 1930s, using traditional arts such as ''wayang golek'' to promote such causes as monogamy and abstinence. By 1938 he had established a school for the poor, and was raising money for the Red Cross to send aid to China. In late 1938, Wongso used a legal defense fund, which had been raised for him when he was charged with extortion, in order to establish another school; this was followed by an employment center in 1939. In 1941, Star Film released two productions starring him and featuring his name in the title. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Wongso was held in a series of concentration camps in South-East Asia. He returned to the then-independent Indies by 1948, and raised funds for the Red Cross and ran an employment office until his death in 1974. ==Early life and social work== Louis Victor Wijnhamer, Jr., was born on 11 February 1904 in Tegal, Central Java, the Dutch East Indies. One of three siblings, Wijnhamer was born to an ethnic Dutch administrator from Surabaya, Louis Gregorius Wijnhamer, Sr., and J. F. Ihnen; he was of Indo descent. He studied at the senior high school in Semarang, before spending some time at the Suikerschool in Surabaya, later arriving in Batavia (now Jakarta). There, between 1927 and 1937, he worked as an amanuensis at the School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen. By the early 1930s, Wijnhamer, known as Pah Wongso, was recognised in West Java for his promotion of social causes. These included promoting monogamy and faith in western medicine, as well as combating gambling and the use of opium and alcohol. In conveying his messages he often used the Sundanese ''wayang golek'' (a form of shadow puppets), as the local people were generally unable to read. He was able to speak Dutch, Malay, and Javanese fluently, and had some command of Chinese and Japanese. This social work was funded predominantly from Wongso's day job, selling fried peanuts (''kacang goreng''). By 1938 Wongso had married and opened a school for poor children, particularly those of mixed Chinese descent, in Gang Patikee; it was funded by donations. He was also a member of the Indies branch of the Red Cross, and recognized for his humanitarian work. He organised night fairs in various cities in the Indies (including in Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya), holding auctions and selling drinks and snacks in order to raise money to send aid to China, then fighting against the Japanese. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pah Wongso」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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